Electron Documentation1.7.8

Docs / API / Menu

Class: Menu

Create native application menus and context menus.

Process: Main

new Menu()

Creates a new menu.

Static Methods

The menu class has the following static methods:

Sets menu as the application menu on macOS. On Windows and Linux, the menu will be set as each window’s top menu.

Passing null will remove the menu bar on Windows and Linux but has no effect on macOS.

Note: This API has to be called after the ready event of app module.

Returns Menu - The application menu, if set, or null, if not set.

Note: The returned Menu instance doesn’t support dynamic addition or removal of menu items. Instance properties can still be dynamically modified.

Sends the action to the first responder of application. This is used for emulating default macOS menu behaviors. Usually you would just use the role property of a MenuItem.

See the macOS Cocoa Event Handling Guide for more information on macOS’ native actions.

Returns Menu

Generally, the template is just an array of options for constructing a MenuItem. The usage can be referenced above.

You can also attach other fields to the element of the template and they will become properties of the constructed menu items.

Instance Methods

The menu object has the following instance methods:

Pops up this menu as a context menu in the browserWindow.

Closes the context menu in the browserWindow.

Appends the menuItem to the menu.

Inserts the menuItem to the pos position of the menu.

Instance Properties

menu objects also have the following properties:

A MenuItem[] array containing the menu’s items.

Each Menu consists of multiple MenuItems and each MenuItem can have a submenu.

Examples

The Menu class is only available in the main process, but you can also use it in the render process via the remote module.

Main process

An example of creating the application menu in the main process with the simple template API:

const {app, Menu} = require('electron')

const template = [
  {
    label: 'Edit',
    submenu: [
      {role: 'undo'},
      {role: 'redo'},
      {type: 'separator'},
      {role: 'cut'},
      {role: 'copy'},
      {role: 'paste'},
      {role: 'pasteandmatchstyle'},
      {role: 'delete'},
      {role: 'selectall'}
    ]
  },
  {
    label: 'View',
    submenu: [
      {role: 'reload'},
      {role: 'forcereload'},
      {role: 'toggledevtools'},
      {type: 'separator'},
      {role: 'resetzoom'},
      {role: 'zoomin'},
      {role: 'zoomout'},
      {type: 'separator'},
      {role: 'togglefullscreen'}
    ]
  },
  {
    role: 'window',
    submenu: [
      {role: 'minimize'},
      {role: 'close'}
    ]
  },
  {
    role: 'help',
    submenu: [
      {
        label: 'Learn More',
        click () { require('electron').shell.openExternal('https://electron.atom.io') }
      }
    ]
  }
]

if (process.platform === 'darwin') {
  template.unshift({
    label: app.getName(),
    submenu: [
      {role: 'about'},
      {type: 'separator'},
      {role: 'services', submenu: []},
      {type: 'separator'},
      {role: 'hide'},
      {role: 'hideothers'},
      {role: 'unhide'},
      {type: 'separator'},
      {role: 'quit'}
    ]
  })

  // Edit menu
  template[1].submenu.push(
    {type: 'separator'},
    {
      label: 'Speech',
      submenu: [
        {role: 'startspeaking'},
        {role: 'stopspeaking'}
      ]
    }
  )

  // Window menu
  template[3].submenu = [
    {role: 'close'},
    {role: 'minimize'},
    {role: 'zoom'},
    {type: 'separator'},
    {role: 'front'}
  ]
}

const menu = Menu.buildFromTemplate(template)
Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu)

Render process

Below is an example of creating a menu dynamically in a web page (render process) by using the remote module, and showing it when the user right clicks the page:

<!-- index.html -->
<script>
const {remote} = require('electron')
const {Menu, MenuItem} = remote

const menu = new Menu()
menu.append(new MenuItem({label: 'MenuItem1', click() { console.log('item 1 clicked') }}))
menu.append(new MenuItem({type: 'separator'}))
menu.append(new MenuItem({label: 'MenuItem2', type: 'checkbox', checked: true}))

window.addEventListener('contextmenu', (e) => {
  e.preventDefault()
  menu.popup(remote.getCurrentWindow())
}, false)
</script>

Notes on macOS Application Menu

macOS has a completely different style of application menu from Windows and Linux. Here are some notes on making your app’s menu more native-like.

Standard Menus

On macOS there are many system-defined standard menus, like the Services and Windows menus. To make your menu a standard menu, you should set your menu’s role to one of the following and Electron will recognize them and make them become standard menus:

Standard Menu Item Actions

macOS has provided standard actions for some menu items, like About xxx, Hide xxx, and Hide Others. To set the action of a menu item to a standard action, you should set the role attribute of the menu item.

On macOS the label of the application menu’s first item is always your app’s name, no matter what label you set. To change it, modify your app bundle’s Info.plist file. See About Information Property List Files for more information.

Setting Menu for Specific Browser Window (Linux Windows)

The setMenu method of browser windows can set the menu of certain browser windows.

You can make use of position and id to control how the item will be placed when building a menu with Menu.buildFromTemplate.

The position attribute of MenuItem has the form [placement]=[id], where placement is one of before, after, or endof and id is the unique ID of an existing item in the menu:

When an item is positioned, all un-positioned items are inserted after it until a new item is positioned. So if you want to position a group of menu items in the same location you only need to specify a position for the first item.

Examples

Template:

[
  {label: '4', id: '4'},
  {label: '5', id: '5'},
  {label: '1', id: '1', position: 'before=4'},
  {label: '2', id: '2'},
  {label: '3', id: '3'}
]

Menu:

- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5

Template:

[
  {label: 'a', position: 'endof=letters'},
  {label: '1', position: 'endof=numbers'},
  {label: 'b', position: 'endof=letters'},
  {label: '2', position: 'endof=numbers'},
  {label: 'c', position: 'endof=letters'},
  {label: '3', position: 'endof=numbers'}
]

Menu:

- ---
- a
- b
- c
- ---
- 1
- 2
- 3
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